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J. M. Adovasio has spent the last thirty years at the center of one of our most fiery scientific debates: Who were the first humans in the Americas, and how and when did they get there?
At its heart, The First Americans is the story of the revolution in thinking that Adovasio and his fellow archaeologists have brought about, and the firestorm it has ignited. As he writes, “The work of lifetimes has been put at risk, reputations have been damaged, an astounding amount of silliness and even profound stupidity has been taken as serious thought, and always lurking in the background of all the argumentation and gnashing of tenets has been the question of whether the field of archaeology can ever be pursued as a science.”
- Sales Rank: #87608 in Books
- Brand: Modern Library
- Published on: 2003-06-17
- Released on: 2003-06-17
- Original language: English
- Number of items: 1
- Dimensions: 7.98" h x .74" w x 5.23" l, .56 pounds
- Binding: Paperback
- 352 pages
- Great product!
From Publishers Weekly
Who got here first? That's the controversial question that has galvanized American archeology from its earliest days. The traditional view is that the first residents of the new world were the Clovis people, hunters who crossed the Bering Strait during the Ice Age, 10,000 years ago. Yet based on his own research, archeologist Adovasio launches a spirited attack on the Clovis theory. With co-writer Jake Page, a former Natural History editor, Adovasio explains his findings at a site called Meadowcroft in southwestern Pennsylvania. Two of the ancient tools from this dig were carbon-dated to 12,900 and 13,170 B.C., thousands of years before the Clovis lived. This discovery has thrust Adovasio into the center of the anti-Clovis movement. Adovasio weighs the Meadowcroft findings against the history of American archeology itself. He profiles seminal figures in the field as well as some cranky Clovis theorists, and reviews different theoretical approaches. He also explains the use of dating methods such as dendrochronology (counting the rings of trees) and lucidly discusses the natural history of the continent, with its glaciers and ancient megafauna. While these factors are relevant to the question of human habitation, Adovasio's very broad view somewhat dilutes the main story of the Clovis wars. There's also a note of bitterness and personal grievance in Adovasio's discussion of his pro-Clovis colleagues, which may turn off some readers.
Copyright 2002 Cahners Business Information, Inc.
From Library Journal
An anthropologist, field archaeologist, and founder and director of the Mercyhurst Archaeological Institute, Adovasio has been at the frontier of developments in archaeology since the Seventies, when the site he was excavating, Meadowcroft Rockshelter (near Pittsburgh), yielded materials thousands of years older than what was found at the Clovis sites in the Southwest. Challenging the primacy of "Clovis Man" as the earliest settler of the Western Hemisphere was "not for the timid of heart," Adovasio explains in the introduction to this robustly written insider view of fieldwork, discovery, and warfare among specialists. In examining various theories, beliefs, and scientific inquiries into who the first Americans were and how they got here, Adovasio touches on many aspects of this question: Native Americans; the views of Europeans, starting with Columbus; conjectures regarding the mound builders; the discovery of the Clovis culture in the 1930s, later dated from 9200 to 8500 B.C.E. by radiocarbon; and evidence from linguistics, genetics, and skeletal remains, including the recent events surrounding "Kennewick Man" (see James E. Chatters's Ancient Encounters). Written with candor, humor, and passion, this well-documented study makes the latest findings accessible to general readers and students. For public libraries and special collections in anthropology and archaeology. Joan W. Gartland, Detroit P.L.
Copyright 2002 Reed Business Information, Inc.
From Scientific American
When did the first humans reach North America? Archaeologist Adovasio’s answer is, thousands of years earlier than the Clovis people of 11,200 to 10,500 years ago (9200 to 8500 B.C.), who are held by "a tenet of archaeology" to have been the pioneers. He first advanced that argument in 1974, after charcoal taken from two fire pits in a shallow cave at Meadowcroft Rockshelter in western Pennsylvania revealed through radiocarbon dating "that humans had been there using these two hearths in about 13,000 B.C.," some 4,000 years "before any human being was supposed to have set foot anywhere in this hemisphere." Now five pre-Clovis sites are known in the Americas, all displaying very different technologies. The existence of so much cultural diversity "strongly suggests that there were multiple incursions into this hemisphere by people who were probably diverse genetically." In telling this story, Adovasio—founder and director of the Mercyhurst Archaeological Institute—and science writer Page give the general reader a fine grounding in what is known of human migration.
Editors of Scientific American
Most helpful customer reviews
0 of 0 people found the following review helpful.
Great review of decades worth of materials adding to knowledge ...
By Kindle reader in Williamsburg
Great review of decades worth of materials adding to knowledge of our heritage. A pity that Clovis First may only pass with its most dogmatic adherents. Wonderful work!
60 of 69 people found the following review helpful.
I gather they were mean.
By A Customer
Adovasio's book can be summarized in three bullet points:
1. Until recently, there has been a general consensus in archaeology that the first human arrivals in the Americas were the Clovis culture, around 10,500 BP (before present). Several older sites were proposed before 1970 or so but all turned out to be wrong dates.
2. However, Adavasio at Meadowcroft, Pennsylvannia and Tom Dillehay at Monte Verde in South America have really good archaeological sites which are definitely much older. This new evidence demands that the entire Clovis-first idea should be replaced.
3. And archaeologists who say otherwise are just plain mean. At great length, and naming names. They should be compared to religious fanatics and Mafia hit men and "Star Trek" scriptwriters in their meanness-based refusal to face facts. There's no point in talking to those people.
The meanness theme crowds out several points I would have liked to have read more about. Adovasio mentions in passing that he has recovered Meadowcroft-like artifacts from other sites near the Meadowcroft rock shelter, but never goes into detail. He also mentions a site called Fell's Cave at the south end of South America which is apparently post-Clovis, but so barely post-Clovis that humans getting so far so fast after the start of the Clovis period beggars the imagination. Again, no more details. I also wish I could have read more about the linguistic evidence for earlier and more widespread human arrival in the new world.
About two-thirds of this book is a pretty well-written first-hand review of a very interesting area of archaeology. The other third is like going out to dinner with friends and having them not only launch into a loud family argument in the middle of a restaurant, but try to drag you into taking sides.
4 of 21 people found the following review helpful.
fascinating look at American prehistory
By A Customer
This is an excellent book that covers much of the prehistory of America. I don't think Adovasio is any more critical of his critics than they are of him. He gives excellent review of carbon dating, the Ice Ages, genetic dating and so on. He discusses how a belief in a biblical "global flood" shaped geology in the early years. He should have detailed more how people turned to a local flood interpretation as Earth's antiquity became apparent, in order to combat the young-earthers who have spent the past fifty years trying to revive the global flood theory (see Hugh Ross' "The Genesis Question" for a detailed discussion on the flood and why a literal translation of the Bible requires an old Earth).
Adovasio does blindly accept too much of Darwinian evolution. For example, he claims it is "clear" (p. 85) that we and the apes share a common ancestor. This is untrue, as shown by genetics, and Adovasio leaves this out when he discusses genetic dating techniques. These techniques, and other discoveries, have shown we aren't related to Neanderthals, yet Adovasio claims (p. 86-87) that "no one can yet say for certain" if they were related or interbred with humans.
In any case the book is a fascinating look at American prehistory. It seems America was settled by different groups at different times much longer ago than originally thought.
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